A Comprehensive Guide to Orthodontics

Misaligned teeth, also known as dental malocclusions, are a prevalent concern for many individuals. These misalignments can have both aesthetic and functional consequences. While some may experience minimal aesthetic concerns, others may find misaligned teeth impacting their confidence. Additionally, research suggests that misaligned teeth can be a risk factor for the development of certain oral health problems, such as gum disease, cavities, and tooth erosion.

Fortunately, orthodontic treatments are available to address misaligned teeth. This article will provide a comprehensive overview of orthodontics, including the types of dental problems it can treat and the available treatment options.

WHEN TO SEE AN ORTHODONTIST?

A visit to the orthodontist is recommended for children as early as age 7 to monitor their facial growth and bite. Additionally, orthodontic treatments may be recommended for individuals with misaligned teeth or improper bites. Several dental malocclusions, or misalignments, can benefit from orthodontic treatment. Here are some common issues that might require a visit to the orthodontist:

• Crowding – This happens when the dental ridge does not have enough space for the teeth to align properly, causing them to overlap or become misaligned. This can lead to difficulty cleaning your teeth, increasing the risk of cavities and gum disease.
• Open Bite – In an open bite, the upper front teeth protrude noticeably beyond the lower teeth. This can make chewing challenging and affect speech.
• Deep Bite – The opposite of an open bite, a deep bite occurs when the upper front teeth significantly overlap the lower front teeth. This can cause gum problems, damage to the roof of the mouth, and even tooth wear.
• Crossbite – In a normal bite, the upper teeth fit slightly in front of the lower teeth. With a crossbite, some upper teeth meet behind the lower teeth when you bite down. This uneven pressure can lead to premature wear and tear on your teeth.
• Increased Overjet – This describes prominent upper front teeth that protrude significantly beyond the lower teeth. This can be caused by thumb sucking, uneven jaw growth, or genetics.
• Reverse Overjet (Underbite) – In this case, the lower jaw protrudes further forward than the upper jaw. This can not only affect appearance but also lead to difficulty chewing and speech problems.
• Spacing – Gaps between the teeth can be caused by missing teeth, small teeth, or a jaw that is too large for your teeth. While some minor spacing may be a cosmetic concern, larger gaps can affect speech and make cleaning teeth more difficult.

HOW ARE ORTHODONTIC PROBLEMS DIAGNOSED?

Diagnosing orthodontic problems begins with a comprehensive examination, during which the orthodontist will first review your dental history and records, then perform a physical check of your teeth, gums, and jaw to assess for any abnormalities. Next, they will take photographs of your face, bite, and teeth to assess their alignment. X-ray imaging provides additional insights by measuring jaw lengths and revealing developing teeth. Finally, a plaster model allows for a detailed evaluation of how your bite fits together, helping the orthodontist determine the appropriate treatment you need.

WHAT ORTHODONTIC TREATMENTS DO WE PROVIDE?

At Just Braces Dental Centre, we offer a range of braces, designed to achieve straighter teeth and a healthier bite, and prevent various dental diseases. These include:

• Metal Braces – Metal braces are the most time-tested and widely used orthodontic treatment. They utilise a system of stainless-steel brackets bonded to the teeth, connected by archwires that apply gentle, consistent pressure to gradually move teeth into their desired positions. While not the most aesthetically pleasing, metal braces are the most affordable option and can tackle a wide range of orthodontic problems. The treatment time for metal braces can take around 12-24 months, depending on the case’s complexity.
• Ceramic Braces – For those who want a less noticeable approach, ceramic braces offer a solution. This type of braces works similarly to metal braces. However, these braces use tooth-coloured or clear brackets that blend in with your teeth, making them less noticeable than metal braces. They are effective for most orthodontic corrections but may come at a slightly higher cost. Most patients see improved results in about 12–36 months.
• Damon Braces – Damon braces are a type of self-ligating braces that use a slide mechanism instead of elastics to connect the wires to the brackets. This allows for more gentle movement and potentially shorter treatment times, typically ranging from 5–8 months. Additionally, the reduced friction can make them more comfortable to wear. For patients seeking improved aesthetics, Damon Clear offers clear brackets for a more discreet look. However, Damon braces may be a more expensive option and may not be suitable for all orthodontic cases.
• Invisalign – Invisalign takes a different approach to straightening teeth. Instead of brackets and wires, Invisalign uses a series of clear, custom-made trays that fit snugly over your teeth. These trays are worn for most of the day and are changed every few weeks to gradually move your teeth into the desired position. Typical treatment time ranges from 6–18 months, depending on the case's complexity. Invisalign is a popular choice for adults who desire a discreet treatment option. However, it may not be suitable for all cases and requires a high level of patient compliance for successful treatment.

While orthodontic treatments can deliver long-lasting results, wearing the recommended retainers after treatment is crucial to ensure your teeth maintain their new positions. To find the best braces for your individual needs, preferences, and budget, book a consultation with our orthodontist, Dr Ang Poh Kang, at 6338 7580.

HOW DO YOU TAKE CARE OF YOUR BRACES?

Taking care of your braces involves a good oral hygiene routine and some adjustments to your diet. Here are some tips to ensure your braces are kept in good condition:

• Regular Brushing and Flossing – Brush your teeth using a soft-bristled brush or an orthodontic toothbrush. Make sure to brush around the brackets, wires, and all surfaces of your teeth. You should also floss at least once a day. Floss threaders can help you floss your teeth more easily.
• Be Careful of the Foods You Eat – Avoid hard and sticky foods like caramels, gummy candies, nuts, popcorn, and ice cubes. Avoid sugary foods and drinks. Cut fruits and vegetables into bite-sized pieces before eating.
• Do Not Use Your Teeth as a Tool – Using your teeth as tools, such as in opening bottles, can damage or loosen your teeth. Hence, it is crucial to avoid using your teeth for purposes other than eating. Similarly, avoid chewing on non-edible items like pens or fingernails.
• Use a Mouthguard – If you participate in sports, especially contact sports, invest in a mouthguard. This will help protect your braces and teeth from any unexpected bumps or falls.
• Avoid Grinding Your Teeth – If you grind your teeth at night, speak to your orthodontist. They may recommend a night guard to protect your teeth and braces from the wear and tear caused by grinding.

WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT AFTER MY BRACES ARE REMOVED?

Getting your braces removed may be the most exciting part of your orthodontic treatment. However, the work does not end here. As you enjoy your brand-new smile, there are a few things to expect in the adjustment period.

• Wearing of Retainers – Once your teeth are properly aligned and your bite is corrected, your orthodontist will discuss retainers with you. This is a crucial step to ensure your teeth stay in their new positions. After removing your braces, you will be fitted for a retainer, which you will need to wear depending on the specific instructions provided by your orthodontist.
• Eating Will Feel Different – While you have your braces on, your teeth are under controlled movement. When your braces are removed, this pressure will be gone, which can make eating feel a little different at first. As your teeth and jaw properly adjust to their new positions, you can eat normally again.
• Temporary Tenderness – Most patients report some soreness or tenderness in their gums and teeth after brace removal. This happens because the constant pressure in the mouth is now gone. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help to manage this discomfort.
• Teeth Discolouration – Slight discolouration is normal after removing your braces. This may result from minor stains from the brackets, poor teeth cleaning while braces are on, or calcifications. Orthodontists typically offer professional cleaning to whiten your teeth and manage this discolouration.
• Brushing and Flossing Made Easy – Braces require specialised toothbrushes and floss to clean the teeth properly. With the braces removed, it is easier to brush and floss as the brackets and wires are now gone.

MEET OUR ORTHODONTIST

Dr Ang Poh Kang is a certified orthodontist, practising orthodontics full-time since 1997. In 2003, Dr Ang attained Fellowship status and was placed on the Roll of Specialists of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. In that same year, he served as a clinical lecturer for the Orthodontic Graduate program at the National University of Singapore/National Dental Centre until 2006. Dedicated to continuous professional development, Dr Ang has presented at numerous orthodontic conferences and published in the Orthodontic Seminar journal.